Possession of exotic pets is regulated on a statewide basis in Michigan.
As U.S. federal law largely leaves the matter of exotic pets up to state jurisdiction, Michigan residents wishing to keep exotic or wild pets must consult several state statutes. The degree to which state laws regulate exotic pets varies widely, with California and Massachusetts completely banning ownership without special permits, and other states imposing lighter licensing schemes. Michigan law specifically treats a few exotic pets and it imposes general regulations to maintain standards of safety and health.
Large Carnivores
Michigan law specifically prohibits the possession and breeding of large carnivores. These carnivores include big cats such as lions, tigers, jaguars, snow leopards, cheetahs, or leopards; and bears, whether native or non-native to Michigan. Animals that are cross-bred with any of the prohibited large carnivores are likewise prohibited. A few exceptions to the ban do exist. Individuals who already possessed large carnivores prior to the July 2000 law, and who secured a license within 90 days of the law's passing, may continue to care for the animals. Qualifying owners must also submit an application to local authorities, either at the town or county level. They must insert a microchip beneath the skin of any large carnivores for identification and must maintain a facility in which the animals are securely restrained and restricted to enclosures according to dimensions specified in Michigan statute 387.1106.
Wolf-Dogs
Another animal especially regulated through Michigan law is the wolf-dog cross. According to the Wolf-Dog Cross Act, it is unlawful to possess or breed a wolf-dog cross. As with the Large Carnivores Act, any individuals already owning wolf-dog crosses prior to the legislation may be entitled to keep their animals. To do so they must have filed a permit application within four months of when the act passed in June 2000. In addition, owners of wolf-dogs must apply to local government, pay an annual fee, and fulfill all statute regulations regarding the tethering, transportation and vaccination of the wolf-dogs.
General Exotic Pet Laws
All animals not covered under the large carnivores or wolf-dog acts are liable to Michigan laws regulating general animal industries and animal welfare. These laws forbid importation or possession of any animals with the reasonable potential to spread harmful disease or parasites or inflict serious injury to human life, livestock or native wildlife. Any animals brought into the state are subject to a complete physical exam from a licensed veterinarian. Based upon this examination, the state may determine the lawfulness of the animal's presence within Michigan, as well as determining necessary housing, confinement and husbandry procedures. Feral swine, or crossbred species of feral swine, are expressly prohibited from importation or release within Michigan.
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